Dickens Great Expectations Essay - 1589 Words

Dickens Great Expectations In the novel Great Expectations, Charles Dickens writes in first person narrative text, he does this so that the reader only gets the story for the eyes of at the beginning young Pip. This is a very clever way of writing and it lets the reader read the story through the eyes of a young boy and later on in the novel a man. This allows Dickens to exaggerate a lot at the beginning because the story is told by a young boy who will see every thing exaggerated, this is good when dickens is trying to set the mood at that precise moment and he uses this power through out the novel where he makes parts more frightening for the reader either though it would be frightening for†¦show more content†¦This is only scary in Pips childish imagination. Charles Dickens is very good at describing the setting and does well at describing all the depressing and scary places at the beginning of the play. He uses very descriptive writing to create a gloomy atmosphere. In the first chapter Dickens does well to set up the initial establishing of the scene, the grave yard, he first sets the scene by telling the reader some basic information, Ours was the marsh country, down by the river This tells us where is and some basic information but from that first quote it seams a barren and empty place which makes it feel inhospitable and forgiving. a memorable raw afternoon towards evening, Here Charles Dickens writes vividly from experience being from that area and knowing how it feels, the word raw makes it feel very cold but chilling as well which adds to the fear which would already be there because of the graveyard. This whole first establishing of the scene makes the area seam very unattractive and bland. distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..that small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it These quotes make the landscape seam very bland because of the largeShow MoreRelatedDickens Great Expectations1378 Words   |  6 PagesDickens Great Expectations In this essay, I will compare the presentation of Pip as a young boy with that of Pip as an adult in Great Expectations. This novel is about a young orphan boy Pip who is given great expectations, when an unknown benefactor gives him money to become a gentleman. In the process he travels to London, deserting the people who care for him. This is a typical Victorian novel in that it has sentimental deathbed scenes such as Magwhichs whichRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens1285 Words   |  6 PagesAP Great Book Assignment: Great Expectations The 544-page, Bildungsroman novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is considered a classic because it has stood the test of time, appealing to generation after generation of readers while still remaining relevant to them. Published in 1861, Dickens created a coming-of-age story that is similar to his other novel, David Copperfield, but Great Expectations is considered to have reflected parts of his own life. There are several parallels betweenRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1574 Words   |  7 Pagesclass life. This boy was Charles Dickens, one of the most well known writers of all time. Throughout his life, he experienced both the middle and working class, therefore, most of his pieces of literature include characters from both of those social classes and how they view Victorian England society. His haunting childhood experience also allowed him to incorporate the themes of alienation and betrayal in Great Expectations (Cody). Throughout Great Expectations, Dick ens explores the specific socialRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardships provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went throughRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens943 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Expectations written by Charles Dickens consist of many dynamic characters and literary elements that help develop the novel. Dickens introduces the life of the main character, Phillip Pirrip better known as Pip, as he works his way up in society. Along the way, Pip encounters many minor characters such as Biddy to help realize his full potential. Through the use of several literary devices, for example, characterization, conflict, and imagery, we take a young naà ¯ve boy and develop him intoRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens884 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens, is known and loved by a wide range of people all over the world. This classic story tells of a young boy named Pip on his quest to become a gentleman in Victorian England. The very first event in Great Expectations is Pip s encounter with Magwitch, an escaped convict that gives Pip a fortune for saving his life. After meeting Magwitch, Pip goes to the home of Miss Havisham, the eccentric woman appointed to teach him the ways of upper class society. While at

Changes in Farming Post Civil War Essay - 1381 Words

Changes in Farming: Contributing factors in farming changes post Civil War After the Civil War there were many factors that contributed the changes that occurred in farming in America. Among them was the drive for the South to renew and regain what had been lost due to the war. Leaders saw it as a time to diversify and turn towards industrialization. The Industrial revolution was underway and with it brought many new inventions that would lead to growth in the farming industry. The wide open space between the East and the West called â€Å"The Frontier† was open for homesteading. New immigrants with their farming knowledge and ability were flooding the East and West gates of the U.S. This was a time in American history when Americans†¦show more content†¦After the slaves were freed in 1863, the South had to make changes to supply labor for the farming. Many shady practices by the white man occurred because of this. Sharecropping and crop liens were developed to keep the black man somewhat under their control. Since freed slaves had no money and no place to live, land holders would allow a tenant to live on their property and worked the land in exchange for a share of the crop produced, also known as sharecropping. The crop lien system was a developed to allow farmers to receive goods such as food, supplies, and seeds to be paid for after the crop was produced. This kept the black man and poor white farmers in a constant form of debt. Cotton still played a big part in the growth of farming in the south. There was a high demand for textiles and cotton mills increased production of cotton bales up to 1,479,000 bales per year. While these changes were occurring in the South, many changes in farming were also taking place in other parts of the nation. The government wanted to encourage settlement in the vast areas of the country not yet populated. The Homestead Act helped shape the western landscape. This act allowed farmers to claim up to 160 acres of land. Farmers would stake a claim to a parcel of land and by living on it for five years would be free and clear to take title of the land. Or the farmer could buyShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Poverty During The Civil War1654 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica Poverty is a hardship that has existed in every milestone of American history. War impacted the economy of the country after the Civil War. The twentieth century would see wars, natural disasters, and economical depressions that contributed to the developing culture of poverty. Poverty in any time period is a shattering experience. While being poor during the Reconstruction, the Great Depression, and the Civil Rights movement were each devastating, the nature of poverty would evolve as the cultureRead MoreThes Benevolent Association, The Knights Of Labor And The Farmers Union1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe Screwmen’s Benevolent Association, The Knights of Labor and the Farmers Alliance are a few of the leading labor organizations in Texas. Developed as the political and human resource representation for many of Texas’ post civil war laborers, these organizations invested considerable time and funding in advocating for the concerns of the working class. Established soc ialist communities were natural supporters for unionization based on their beliefs in cooperation for the greater good. WithinRead MoreEssay about The Revolutionary Aftermath of the Civil War605 Words   |  3 PagesThe Revolutionary Aftermath of the Civil War Despite many hardships that remained from the antebellum state of the union, reconstruction was a socially and constitutionally revolutionary period. The attempts to deter black voters were greatly outweighed by the numbers of blacks voting, as well as the laws that were passed to protect the rights of American citizens, black and white alike. The years after the war saw a rise in the number of human rights laws that were passed, most ofRead MoreEssay on American Civil War1152 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe the changes that took place on the Great Plains before and after the Civil War. Do this by filling in the chart provided by using the text and the internet. Make sure that all answers are complete. The first section has been done for you. Category: People Pre-Civil War: Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapahoe, Nez Perce Post-Civil War: Farmers, Ranchers Category: Building Materials Pre-Civil War: Buffalo Remains Post-Civil War: Bricks of sod Category: Food Supply Pre-Civil War: Buffalo Read MoreOrigin Of And Role Played By Manifest Destiny1323 Words   |  6 Pagesmanifest destiny viewed it as the historical inevitability of United States’ dominance of North America from coast to coast. Manifest Destiny influenced the manner in which Americans moved and displaced Indians. America continued to witness tremendous changes in 1850s, as well as the dawn of the nineteenth century. In 1962, Abraham Lincoln, the president of the day, assented into effect the Homestead Act, which paved the way for any man to apply to settle on the 160 acres land west of the Mississippi (Thoreau)Read MoreA Streetcar Named Desire934 Words   |  4 Pages The attitudes of many white southerners didn’t change regarding African-Americans. Before the Civil War, many southerners supported things like slavery, segregation, states’ rights, and state secession. After the Civil War, many of them tried to make the Congress to continue believe and remain these concepts. Thus, negatives attitudes toward African-Americans and changing policies still existed in the South after the end of the American Civil War. Another attitude was to try to keep African-AmericansRead MoreBarn Burning : Loyalty Verses Conscience1672 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Barn Burning†: Loyalty verses Conscience William Faulkner’s Barn Burning was published in the post-Civil War South, during the time of a system of agriculture/farming know as sharecropping – â€Å"a tenant farming system in which laborers live as tenants on a landowner’s property while providing labor to pay. Theoretically, this system was to benefit both the landowners and the laborers; nevertheless, sharecroppers usually end up at the end of the year caught in this web of endless cycle of debt. ThisRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The Roaring Twenties1001 Words   |  5 Pages The roaring twenties was a time filled with hope and change. President Warren G. Harding promised a â€Å"return to normalcy†, which reflected his own conservative values and the voters’ wants for stability and order. Americans felt that they had been through more than enough, and desired prosperity. During the years 1919 and 1920 the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments were passed; the outlaw of alcoholic b everages and the right for women to vote, which ones of the many reasons society was turningRead MorePost Civil War: Reconstructive Era and African Americans1070 Words   |  5 Pagesas well as discomfited. Prior to the Civil war, slaves vehemently hoped freedom would give them the right of equal status in American society, but to their surprise, their dream of an egalitarian America was impeded after the assassination of President Lincoln. Their lives became drastically different and difficult in an era that was increasingly contumacious to their well wishes. The end of the Civil War brought social, moral, economic and political changes within the historical context of Florida’sRead More colonization Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagesthe beginning of American colonization we were a mainly farming people. The basis of our society was built upon agriculture, and little else. The rise to corporate capitalism has had such a profound impact on American society, it is impossible t o study any aspect of United States history post Civil War without a direct relation, on any level, to the industrial revolution. America would not be the superpower it is today had we not made the change from an agricultural society to an industrial one long

Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten Free Essays

Bilingual Education: Beneficial for Kindergarten to Catch it Young By M. H 7th December 2012 Abstract: Research has shown that bilingual education has positive effect on kindergarten children. The purpose of this research was to study the benefits of bilingual education, which further helped in recommending marketing campaign for the Canadian kindergarten school to increase enrolments. We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several analyses were taken into account like â€Å"Simon Task† and core group task to understand the benefits. Study reveals that bilingual children perform better cognitive, analytical tasks and have better success rate than monolingual children. Keywords: Children, Bilingualism, Kindergarten, Cognitive, Bilingual, Education, Monolingual Page | 1 Introduction This report aims to address positive effects of bilingual education on young children and to provide recommendations to Canadian kindergarten school through marketing campaign to increase kindergarten student enrolment. Different research methodology taken into account in this report, which has been extracted from researches done by PhD students, professors, doctors and scientists to provide evidence on the benefits of learning in two languages. One of the approaches considered in this report was â€Å"Simon Task† conducted by Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada. This provides empirical evidence that bilingual kids outperform cognitive tasks than monolingual flock. Moreover, Bilingual children are more creative, intellectual and have longer attention span. Findings 1. 1 Perform Cognitive Tasks Better Several researches were undertaken in the past 20 years; to prove bilingual children are superior to monolingual kids. In the recent past, Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada evaluated children aged between 4-6 years. During their research, they made two core groups, one group was monolingual who were fluent in their native language . i. e. French or English and another; group was bilingual (with proficiency in both the languages, written and oral). The idea was to test cognitive ability of the core group for which â€Å"Simon Task† method was considered. It is a universal method practised by scientists to understand how human mind functions and performs certain tasks. The aim was to understand how kids respond to different colours and visuals. Hence, kids were asked to separate different shapes as per their colour and size, generated by computer which popped up from different sides of the screen. Results were surprising as bilingual children were more accurate than monolingual group. Study depicts that bilingual brain functions faster and has divergent thinking skills which allows brain to recognize and differentiate different objects at the same time. Therefore, bilingual children tend to be smarter than monolingual peers and perform cognitive tasks better. . 2 More Creative with Analytical Abilities A research conducted by Dr Lauchlan in Scotland and Sardinia, Italy- 121 children under age of 9 were taken in a group with monolingual and bilingual abilities, and were asked to perform different mathematical, creative, linguistic and physical assignments. The emphasis was to evaluate how children respond to different tasks. The bilingual learnerâ⠂¬â„¢s performance and intellectual capabilities were significantly higher i. e. (52%) than monolingual peers (48%) (Refer figure 1. 2) Page | 2 Figure 1. 2 Pie chart adapted from data provided by Dr Strathclyde research. 1. 3 Greater Success Rate There has been sufficient evidence, which reveals that bilingualism is an asset, as it provides higher employment rates over monolingual person. As stated in 2006 Canadian census, knowledge of French and English provide more job opportunities as compared to knowledge of French or English alone. Refer to the following graph (figure 3. 3) Fi gure 3. 3 Page | 3 It is apparent from the graph that bilingual people have higher job prospects. This is an era of globalization, where most of the organizations are multinational. Hence, organizations prefer to hire employees who are proficient in different languages and understand diverse cultures. 1. 4 Brain Development â€Å"Children who learn a second language before the age of five have been shown to have denser grey matter in their brains than their monolingual peers† (Dai, 2012). According to Cumming (2005) research shows brain has two prominent tissues visible to eyes known as white and grey matter. Source: Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757. In 2004 research conducted by Dr Mechelli and his team at University College, London, revealed similar results. During their research they evaluated brains of monolingual and bilingual people who were introduced to second language early in their life. One set of group started learning second language at the age of 2 and another people were introduced to new language at the age of 30. The study reveals, those who initiated learning second language early had better command and proficiency in second language. Furthermore, density of grey matter on the left side of their brain was higher. Grey matter is combination of â€Å"head† nerves functions for coordination and communication) Conclusions: It is apparent that children who start learning in two languages at early age have cognitive and linguistic benefits over children who are mono-linguistic. Also, it prepares children for future to get better employment. Diversity comes naturally to bilingual children as it helps them to gro w, understand different aspects of life and prepares them to adjust in multicultural environment, as they imbibe certain characteristics during the course of time. Due to these characteristics it makes children smarter and more confident as they learn in two languages. Page | 4 Recommendations: ? Canadian kindergarten school should work on integrated marketing methodology to lure and educate parents on the benefits of bilingual education. Publicise print ads in newspaper, magazines and different educational websites focusing on curriculum inculcated by school, to ensure their focus is to flourish analytical and cognitive skills of kids while they learn two languages as bilingual kids tend to become sharper day by day. ? School should conduct ducational fairs near school vicinity to provide information and familiarise parents about bilingual education. Especially for a strong economy like Canada where people are expected to speak two languages. When children are introduced to second languages early in their life they learn quickly, master the art of language and become proficient as they are agile and creative. ? Prospective parents should be in vited for personal webinar and chat sessions on school website. Prime focus should be on how dual language learning can transform kid’s life in a positive manner as it provides exposure to different culture and diversities. Perhaps, helps children later in their life for better employment opportunities. ? E-mailers and Direct mailers should be sent to parents emphasizing the fact that a child’s brain grows faster with bilingual education . Also, it builds analytical, mental, linguistic and creative skills by allowing brain to respond to two different languages. Page | 5 References 1. â€Å"Bilingual children ‘better at problem-solving skills† 2012, Scotland (UK),United Kingdom, Scotland, viewed on 24th Nov 2012, ; http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-19109883; 2. 3. CummingW(2005),† The capacity of the brain in learning multiple languages†, London Sage Dai, A,2012, It’s a Small World After All from, viewed 23 rd Nov 2012 http://www. thethunderproject. org/its-a-small-world-after-all/#more-1053 4. Genesee, F 2004, ‘What do we know about bilingual education for majority language students? ’, in TK Bhatia W Ritchie (eds), Handbook of bilingualism and multiculturalism, Blackwell, Malden, pp. 547576. 5. Hitti ,M,2004,†Being Bilingual Boosts Brain Power† MDHelth news, viewed 25 th Nov 2012 6. Lowry ,L, â€Å"Are Two Languages Better than One†, The Hanen Centre, viewed 24 th Nov 2012, ; http://www. anen. org/Helpful-Info/Our-Views-on-the-News/Are-Two-Languages-Better-Than-One. aspx; 7. â€Å"Language Learning and the Developing Brain† (1996, winter). Learning Languages, 1 (2), 17. 8. MarianV, Faroqi-Shah, Y, Kaushanskaya,M, H. K Sheng,L. 2009, â€Å"Bilingualism: Consequences for Language, C ognition, Development, and the Brain†, Asha Leader, vol. 14, no. 13,pp. 10-13, viewed 20th Nov 2012. 9. Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757 10. â€Å"The advantages of bilingualism in Canada† 2008, Canadian council on learning, viewed on 25 th Nov2012, Page | 6 How to cite Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten, Papers

Art in the Baroque Period Essay Example For Students

Art in the Baroque Period Essay The Baroque was an art movement that used many different forms of art as propaganda for the church. These art forms include paintings, sculptures, architectural structure, and musical arts as well. The propagandistic art work was in favor of the Catholic Church. This movement originated in Italy in the early 1600s with the Council of Trent and influenced all of Europe. The Catholic Church was against Protestants and the art work during the baroque was response to the protestant reformation. The arts during the baroque period in Italy, that the Catholic Churches would strongly encourage, were to give you an idea about communication of religious themes as well as emotional involvement. The dramatic appeal of the exquisite Baroque architecture and paintings were a way for the Catholic Churches to express power, wealth, and victory to the visitors as a way to impress visitors. Catholic-inspired Baroque art tended to be extensive works of public art, such as monumental wall-paintings and vast frescoes for the ceilings and vaults of palaces and churches, in order to accomplish its propagandist role. Baroque paintings illustrated key elements of Catholic belief, either directly in religious works or indirectly in mythological works of art. In Baroque sculptures, the artist’s typically portrayed their works as larger-than-life size. The sculptures all share a similar sense of dynamic movement, as well as with an active use of the background. Designed to create spectacle and illusion, Baroque architecture had flowing curves opposed to the symmetry of the Renaissance. The domes/roofs were enlarged, and interiors cautiously constructed to create stunning effects of light and shade. The Baroque period brought along its set on specific characteristics that sets it apart from any other art movement. The use of strong contrast between light and dark played a big role to enhance the dramatic effects of many paintings and sculptures, even baroque buildings entail movement with contrasts in light and color. This application of light and dark is referred to as Tennebrism. Artists of this point in time were concerned with the inner workings of the mind and attempted to represent the passions of the soul on the faces they painted and sculpted, the figures in paintings are not types but individuals with their own personalities. The term for that is referred to as Realism. The movement and emotional display were also key elements of the Baroque art movement. The main element of Baroque arts is the devotion to the religious deity. The artists of this time were greatly talented with the use of the baroque elements in their works of art. The artist found it easy to work with what the catholic churches preference or guidelines were. Among the famous artists is painter Michelangelo Merisi, or better known as Caravaggio. Caravaggio is best known for his influence of light and dark, exaggerated smokiness, and high detail in his paintings. His most famous paintings include: The Calling of Saint Matthew(oil painting) and Bacchus. Other famous painters of this period are Artemisia Gentileschi and Elisabetta Sirani. Artemisia Gentileschi is the daughter of a friend to the great Caravaggio and eventually becomes a student of his. Her best known works of art are Judith slaying Holoferes and Judith and Her Maidservant. Elisabetta Sirani is also a student of Caravaggio; her best known works of art include Judith with the Head of Holoferes and the Virgin and Child. The talented Bernini, who was also a marvelous architect, produced his sculpture version of the Statue of David. Looking at the other style of art form the Baroque era, Architecture seems to be the most marveled in the time period in Italy. The Structures have more warped columns, sometimes simply ornamental as opposed to supportive with more curves rather than symmetrical lines. Highly decorative details and ornaments along with optical illusions giving the appearance of movement. The Architecture of the baroque had enormous towers and domes and an abundance of windows. A very unique feature about the baroque architecture was the blending of painting with the structure itself. Mary Cassatt The Bath, 1892 Oil on Canvas, 39 x 26" The Art Institute of Chicago EssayAn architect and sculptor worth noting for innovative designing of a phenomenal additional to St. Peters Basilica is Bernini. Bernini designed this structure to have hundreds of columns topped with sculptures constructed together around a plaza. Bernini began constructing his masterpiece in 1657 and was not able to finish until 10 years later. The design he made had the columns was curved tending to the plaza shape, but also engulfing any viewer or visitor with its colossal size. This addition the church was the Baroque was of showing the Catholic Church was the more pristine, more influential, and most of all more dominant. Not only was Bernini a brilliant architect, he was also an accomplished sculptor. His Baldacchino, inside St. Peters basilica, stands at a massive 66 feet tall. It is Baroque canopy sculpted from bronze over the high altar in the church. The canopy towered over the high altar of St. Peter right in the middle of the great church. Bibliography: Baldacchino Berninis Rome .com. Baldacchino Berninis Rome .com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Britannica. Carlo Maderno | Biography Italian Architect. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2015. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Caravaggio. Bio. AE Television Networks, 2015. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. History of Saint Peters Basilica. History.com. AE Television Networks, 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes (detail). Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes (detail). Larry Brash, Jan. 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. Morris, Rodderick. Artemisia: Her Passion Was Painting Above All Else.New York Times 18 Nov. 2011: 2. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Pagel, David. Art Review. Los Angeles Times 29 Nov. 2012: n. pag. Los Angeles Times. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Sayre, Henry M. 21. The Humanities: Culture, Continuity and Change. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.

11th and 12th section review free essay sample

1.What was America’s first major industry? In what region of the nation did it center? Lowell, Massachusetts(Northeast). Textiles became America’s first major industry. 2.Name three of this era’s important inventors and their respective inventions. John Deere perfected the plow. Cyrus McCormick, in 1834, received a patent for a reaping machine, a horse-drawn device that allowed one man to cut and stack ten to twelve acres of grain in a single day. Samuel Colt made his mark on the firearms industry. He patented and manufactured a â€Å"six-shooter,† a pistol with a revolving cylinder which allowed a user to fire six times before reloading. 3.Why was the discovery of anthracite coal in western Pennsylvania important? American farm production grew at a tremendous rate. In 1789, farmers had generally eked out only enough to feed their own families. But by 1861, the United States was producing nearly $2 billion worth of agricultural products each year. We will write a custom essay sample on 11th and 12th section review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4.How did the invention of the cotton gin increase the differences between the South and the rest of the nation? The growth of the cotton kingdom, however, widened the gap between the South on the one hand and the North and the West on the other. Cotton growing, for one thing, revitalized slavery. In 1790, slavery had seemed an increasingly unprofitable and dying institution. With the advent of the cotton gin, however, many planters thought that slavery was necessary again. 1. Name two methods of surfacing roads in the nineteenth century. Corduroy roads and toll roads 2.What event marked the beginning of the canal era? The canal era began in 1817, when New York, at the urging of Governor DeWitt Clinton, began building a canal from Albany to Lake Erie. 3.What was America’s most important method of transportation by 1861? The clipper ship 4.What was the first economically successful railroad in America? Who designed its first steam engine? Baltimore Ohio (B O) Railroad and Peter Cooper 5.What system of carrying mail across the continent began in 1860? What invention put it out of business? Semaphore and Telegraph 1. What was the most controversial reform movement of the first half of the nineteenth century? Who was its most important leader? Without doubt the most controversial reform movement in the first half of the nineteenth  century was abolitionism, the movement to eliminate slavery and William Lloyd Garrison. 2. What were the two important trends in American education in the early 1800s? Two important trends developed in the reform of American education during this period: the growth of both public education and teacher education. Most schooling since colonial days had been a private affair. 3. What is the difference between temperance and Prohibition? Reformers eventually replaced their call for temperance, or moderate drinking, with a call for the outright prohibition, or banning, of the sale and consumption of alcohol. 4. How did utopian reformers differ from other reformers? Most reformers focused on a single major problem in society, such as prison reform or alcohol, and aimed at eliminating the problem throughout society. Utopian reformers, on the other hand, sought to establish small, perfect communities that would serve as models for the reform of society at large. (A utopia is an ideally perfect place. 5. Which authors defended romanticism’s idea that man is basically good? Which authors denied this idea? 6. How did the journalistic approach of the New York Sun differ from that of the New York Tribune? He Sun contained sensational accounts of murders, scandals, and other lurid events to appeal to the baser tastes of readers. The Tribune, edited by Horace Greeley, supported reform efforts and attempted to educate and uplift its readers. The two approaches proved equally successful, and both the Sun and the Tribune attracted readers even outside of New York. 1. Why did western Pennsylvania become an early center of American heavy industry? Guns and patents 2.How did reform movements affect the American public during the first half of the nineteenth century? More religion groups 3.During the Second Great Awakening, which were more emotional, the revivals in the East or the revivals in the West? In which region did the revivals center in the schools and churches? East and Northeast

Free Essays on Heart Song Of Charging Elk

Charging Elk, â€Å"Friend or Foe?† Culture is always important to groups and societies. Throughout Heartsong of Charging Elk, Welch emphasized the point about culture and assimilation and what life is like on the other side. People are very ethnocentric and feel only their ways are the right ways. This book showed Charging Elk as an outsider who learned to live in the new ways of this society even though that wasn’t part of who he was, but eventually made him who he is. Culture and traditions are key in the heart and soul of Charging Elk. From the beginning of his journey in Marsielle, he was very content about finding is way home. He wanted to be reunited with his people and their way of life. He dealt with a lot of communication barriers in this foreign town. No one knew his language or who he was, nor did he know anything about theirs. I think that as much as he wanted to stay strong in his Indian attributes, he was forced to conform to this new society and the ways he was now trapped in. He was treated as nothing more than a savage or a foreigner. He wanted to be home again but as circumstances had it, he was given to the Soula’s where he slowly changed who he was. He had his hair cut short and was given new clothes. He went to work like them, dressed like them, and I felt that he was given no credit for who he was as a person nor was he allowed to really hold the values that were true to him. As time went on I don’t think he had any other choice but to try and become one of them or at least to look like he belonged. I think the author was saying a lot about how a society works and how they can thread in those that don’t belong. I don’t think it’s because they are welcoming those who are different but they engulf them with so many cultural standards that their choices are made for them. Had Charging Elk knew enough about the language and culture their he might have made it home, but in the end I don’t think thatï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Heart Song Of Charging Elk Free Essays on Heart Song Of Charging Elk Charging Elk, â€Å"Friend or Foe?† Culture is always important to groups and societies. Throughout Heartsong of Charging Elk, Welch emphasized the point about culture and assimilation and what life is like on the other side. People are very ethnocentric and feel only their ways are the right ways. This book showed Charging Elk as an outsider who learned to live in the new ways of this society even though that wasn’t part of who he was, but eventually made him who he is. Culture and traditions are key in the heart and soul of Charging Elk. From the beginning of his journey in Marsielle, he was very content about finding is way home. He wanted to be reunited with his people and their way of life. He dealt with a lot of communication barriers in this foreign town. No one knew his language or who he was, nor did he know anything about theirs. I think that as much as he wanted to stay strong in his Indian attributes, he was forced to conform to this new society and the ways he was now trapped in. He was treated as nothing more than a savage or a foreigner. He wanted to be home again but as circumstances had it, he was given to the Soula’s where he slowly changed who he was. He had his hair cut short and was given new clothes. He went to work like them, dressed like them, and I felt that he was given no credit for who he was as a person nor was he allowed to really hold the values that were true to him. As time went on I don’t think he had any other choice but to try and become one of them or at least to look like he belonged. I think the author was saying a lot about how a society works and how they can thread in those that don’t belong. I don’t think it’s because they are welcoming those who are different but they engulf them with so many cultural standards that their choices are made for them. Had Charging Elk knew enough about the language and culture their he might have made it home, but in the end I don’t think thatï ¿ ½...

Cultural Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cultural Analysis - Assignment Example The first part shall give a theoretical background on the importance of culture in the formation of social identity, as well as the proper ways through which cultural analysis must be done. Through this part, the need for an objective assessment of culture will be reinforced through the help of Geert Hofstede’s Five Cultural Dimensions and the GLOBE Cultural Analysis Model. The second part, on the other hand, will zero in on the results of the three interviews conducted as regards the specific culture and traditions of Spain, Canada, and the Philippines. By using first-hand or primary information as obtained from the one-on-one interviews, credibility of data will be strengthened. The last part will be dedicated to an enriching and highly insightful conclusion that will put an end to this study. Importance of Culture: A Brief Overview By definition, culture refers to the set of beliefs, habits, and art forms that crucially characterize a specific group of people in a specific area. Because of this seemingly vast description, cultural representations may include art, literature, religion, lifestyles, and many more. With this, it can be said that the significance of culture is hinged on its capacity to give a unique identity to people. It gives a community certain character and personality that is original and unique. Thus, it is through the learning and passing of these traditions that cultural values are fostered, which in effect, form the founding principles that help govern people’s way of life. Since cultures have their own share of characteristics, objective measures must be used in order to properly understand and appreciate their natures. Two of the most commonly used analytical frameworks are Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and the GLOBE cultural analysis model. 1. Geert Hoftstede’s Cultural Dimensions Hoftstede’s model examines cultural differences by highlighting five key dimensions: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidan ce, Masculinity vs Femininity, Individualism vs Collectivism, and Long vs Short Term Orientation. 1 Power distance refers to the degree of inequality that exists in a society and how such is accepted by the less powerful groups. Uncertainty avoidance involves a society’s level of tolerance for ambiguity, unstructured situations, and unplanned events. Masculinity vs femininity pertains to the expected gender roles in a society. Individualism vs collectivism refers to the extent of ties that people have with each other. Long vs short term orientation talks about the degree to which a society upholds traditional values. 2. GLOBE Cultural Analysis Model From a functional perspective, the GLOBE model is used as a long-term research effort to explore the effects of culture on leadership, organizational effectiveness, economic competitiveness of societies, and the human condition of the people being examined. Through the GLOBE model, researchers were able to clearly grasp the releva nce of cross-cultural interactions by studying different industries, organizations, and social groups. 2 Analyzing Three Cultures: Spain, Canada, and the Philippines After assimilating the vitality of culture in relation to social identity construction, as well as the various lenses that could be utilized when studying cultures individually, it is now time to focus on the results of the three interviews and expose the characteristics of each country. In order to put more conciseness in the laying

Improvement of solar thermal collector Research Proposal

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Income Inequality and Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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The Case Of Colombia Politics Essay

The Case Of Colombia Politics Essay No society is immune to corruption, however, it is obvious that the developing world has been prone to suffer more than developed countries; corruption is a problem that many governments as well as citizens from different communities in the third world prefer to ignore. This essay attempts to present the reader the most prominent forms of corruption in the developing world specifically the case of Colombia in a comparative perspective with Latin American, Asian and African countries where corruption is one of the main problems that have affected these parts of the world. This essay includes three sections; the first one presents the relevant literature review; definition of important concepts, types of corruption, and approaches of corruption in developing countries. The second section refers in detail to the case of Colombia and its most prominent forms of corruption. The third section covers the analysis of the Colombian case in a comparative perspective with some Latin American, Asian and African countries and portraits relevant ideas as conclusions. LITERATURE REVIEW Corruption in the last few years has become a contested concept due to the considerable overlap between various components and wide connotations to agree on a single definition; additionally, different perceptions and understanding of situations and behaviours have influenced the concept of corruption. The understanding of corruption among nations guarantees that no definition of corruption will be equally accepted in every nation. Therefore, this essay agrees with the definition of corruption presented by Transparency International (TI) because it is an international organization that reaches most of the countries in the world and maintains an unbiased performance. (TI) defines corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain  [1]  . In order to understand the implications of corruption, it is necessary to bear in mind the different types of corruption that have been considered by some authors. Each type of corruption has different origins and characteristics and therefore, they require diverse strategies to tackle it and different degrees of severity to punish it. Corrupt behaviour was coded in terms of black, grey and white (Gardiner: 2009) Black Corruption: indicates that certain actions in a majority consensus of elites and mass opinion would condemn and would want to see punished as a matter of principle. Grey Corruption: indicates that some elements, usually elites may want to see the action punished, others not. And the majority may well be ambivalent. White Corruption: signifies that the majority of both elite and mass opinion probably would not support an attempt to punish a form of corruption that they regarded as tolerable which implies less attachment to the values. (Gardiner: 2009) The critical emphasis of this essay is on developing countries and corrupt activities in the political sphere at the public and private level. It is clear that there exist different forms of political corruption with a range of characteristics, which need to be mapped. Alatas in 1990 distinguished between transactive and extortive corruption. The former refers to a mutual arrangement concerning a donor and a recipient to the mutual advantage of both parties, whereas the latter entails a sort of pressure, usually to avoid the harm being imposed on the donor or those close to him/her. It is possible to consider other categories which could contribute to a typology of political corruption: differences could be drawn between high and low level (grand corruption versus petty); the first one involves a substantial amount of money, it involves political decision-makers, the laws and regulations are abused by the rulers, ignored, or tailored to fit interests. Whereas the latter refers to the bending of rules in favour of friends, its the everyday corruption in connection with the implementation of existing laws, rules and regulations at the street level with minor public administration officials and services. (Heidenheimer: 2002, p. 150) In most developing countries, corruption has been widespread and has become part of everyday life; most societies are aware of it and some even make it look like part of their culture. Developing countries are more likely to experience à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²State Captureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²Kleptoraticà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² corruption. State Capture represents a form of corruption Introduced by Hellman and Kaufmann and used by the World Bank in 2000  [2]   The World Bank report refers to State Capture as the actions of individuals, groups or firms in both in the public and private sectors. This is done to influence the formation of laws, regulations and other government policies to their own advantage by illicit and non-transparent provision of private benefits to public officials. Alternatively, the state can be captured to serve the private interest of a political leader who shapes the framework of reforms to ensure his private control over key resources State capture refers to the capacity of private interest groups to exert influence in high spheres of public decision making through corrupt practices (World Bank report: 2002).  [3]  . On the other side, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²Kleptocratic corruptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² refers to the actions of people within the government who use their power to exploit natural resources and wealth for personal enrichment by establishing policies that favour personal interests  [4]  , its very common in authoritarian governments specially in African countries characterized by the lacked of accountability and unqualified public officials. Kleptocratic corruption is characterized by nepotism, favouritism, cronyism, reflecting problems in the public services; where citizens may go to prison or be executed for treason. In some nations citizens do not even try to hold elections which allow leaders to remain in power for ever. (Case of the Philippines)  [5]  . Some of these characteristics are shared by some Caribbean, Asian and African countries. This will be presented and discussed later on. Many scholars have studied corruption through different approaches in order to understand how corruption affects the performance of a country; the first approach to consider is the Modernization Thesis established by Samuel Huntington. He stated that Corruption may be more prevalent in some cultures than others and seem to be more intense during the period of modernization and reflect their differences in political modernization and political development (Huntington: 2009, Ch. 15 pp. 253) The Modernization Thesis proposed by Huntington suggests that modernization involves a change in the basic values of a society; he refers to certain behaviours that were legitimate but became intolerable and corrupt when viewed through modern eyes, consequently, the fact that levels of education provide citizens with a more critical view of situations to demand an accountable and efficient government, however it contributes to corruption by generating new sources of wealth and power where new laws multiply opportunities for corruption and hence increase the capacity for violence. To comprehend the cultural approach this essay first understand culture as The deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving (Samovar Porter, 2003, p. 8) Abdiweli, M and Said Isse, H. (2003) identified the determinants of corruption by examining on factors related to corruption such as such as education, political regimes, the type of the state, ethnicity, judicial efficiency, political freedom, and the size of government to explain the differences across countries and how those actions considered corruption in the west are considered traditional gift giving in developing countries. Sandholz and Taagepara: 2004, referred to the cultural approach to corruption as: The most significant obstacle to democratization and economic development. Structural and cultural factors lead to higher levels of corruption, low levels of competition and increase the incentives for corrupt practices among bureaucrats or among those being regulated. Cultural patterns tendency to reproduce themselves through socialization entails a general expectation of continuity, culture changes but it tends to change slowly even when substantial changes occur (Sandholz and Taagepara 200,4 pp.109-111) THE CASE OF COLOMBIA This section outlines the case of corruption in Colombia as a developing country, where corruption has left political, social and economic effects; corruption has contributed to political instability, undermined governmental institutions, increase the lack of trust and the perception that corruption is normal. Despite its effort to fight corruption the Corruption perception index (CPI) seems to get worst.  [6]   In Colombia a clear example of petty corruption are the traffic violations where drivers may bribe a police officer to avoid a fine or get the car impounded; since traffic violations are extremely expensive, paying a bribe sounds more reasonable. Most of Colombian drivers have developed persuasive skills to approach a police officer finding a way to relate or build any personal connection such as economic difficulties or family problems. Sometimes the police officer will understand and will give in a ticket with a lower infraction without making personal profit. Sometimes, they will accept the bribe, give a verbal warning and just let the driver go; it basically depends on how the driver approaches the police officer. In terms of Grand Corruption, the problem of Colombia can be expressed in one world: Politiquerà ­a- bad politics, where it is hard to tell if corruption is the cause or the consequence of bad politics. A significant factor that determines corruption, is the illegitimate actors Guerrillas, paramilitary groups and drug dealers; they control large amounts of drug money, induce violence as a way to regulate the illegal and legal sector and resort to kidnappings for funding; they are influential in some parts of the country called red zone or conflict zone. There, Government has less control or there is absence of authority allowing these groups to reach several levels of public organizations. (Misas 2005: 120-122). In Colombia scandals of all kinds and cases of Grand Corruption And State Capture are characterized by the flaws in the political system, the non-existence of political parties as independent actors, the Internal division within political parties and the opposition at the inner and outer level enhancing contradictory performances responding to political rivalry or lack of competence; political parties use opposition to exert tension and pressure and bring to light the scandals. In this dynamic mass media plays a big role, in Colombia some cases of corruption are interconnected as a network of corruption; corruption becomes a scandal when it is impossible to hide or when it is convenient to bring it to light. The illegitimate impact of private interests on political decisions is another major problem in Colombia. Political parties system and campaign financing create some sort of liability of the politician towards the donor. In Colombia, is common to see that candidates pay back the favour after being elected. Positions within the government and the local level are given out due to personal relations rather than through academic careers and competition. (Lambsdorff, 2006) This is illustrated by the typical pattern of Grand Corruption, referred to as trià ¡ngulo de hierro (iron triangle) figure 3 The structure of a corrupt relationship is pictured as a triangle where each corner represents an actor and the sides the relationship between them. (Misas: 2005) Figure 3: iron triangle MAKES A CAMPAIGN DONATION HELPS GETTING A POSTION IN PUBLIC ADMINISRATION HELPS WINNING A PUBLIC CONTRACT In most of the countries in South America; cronyism, nepotism, conflict of interests, abuse of power, embezzlement and extortion to name a few are part of the main problems of public life and can be observed at all levels, from the local up to the National level. In Colombia there are rules and regulations properly designed but not correctly applied, the fundamental problem causing high levels of corruption in Colombia appears to be the failure to apply the existing rules. Therefore, a cultural pattern such as the consideration of sayings in daily life activities implies a rather flexible interpretation of rules. Hecha la ley, hecha la trampa (every law made, there is also made the loophole) (Lambsdorff, 2006) P.25. In addition to cultural patterns, Colombia is a developing country with a low GDP  [7]  where social inequality, great income differences between strata, poverty and exclusion predominate and lead to violence. It is not a secret that Guerrilla and Paramilitary groups control highways charging truck drivers a toll to use the road having the truck burnt or taken away. They also kidnap journalists, politicians, government officials and military men for extortion or to cause pressure in the government. (Lambsdorff, 2006) Although Colombians are aware that corruption exists, its not accepted. However, people instead use sarcasm or irony to refer to this issue influenced by cultural features such as morality, values and ethics. The cases of corruption in Colombia are innumerable and it is hard to tell if one is worst that the other first because some are related or connected and second because all of them have affected the country economically, socially and also in the way Colombia is perceived at the international level, affecting relations with other countries and levels of trust towards those in power who are supposed to look after the citizens rights. Examples that illustrate corruption in Colombia  [8]   8000 process  [9]  (embezzlement, illegal funding for political campaign) This is the name given to the process against the ex-president Ernesto Samper accused of receiving money from drug dealers Cali cartel for his presidential campaign. Despite the proofs, he denied it. Moreover, Fernando Botero Zea as the campaign director offered his bank account in New York to receive the donations from different business man to avoid taxes and exceed the amount of money permitted to develop the campaign. Botero seized control of US$413.898 to buy a country house and cover personal expenses. Botero moved to Mexico where he is originally from to avoid extradition and has not gone back to pay his time in prison which affected the relations and image with neighbouring countries. DMG  [10]  (campaign funding with money laundering- illicit enrichment) DMG is the acronym for the millionaire company of David Murcia Guzman which worked under the pyramid scheme for cocaine money laundering. DMG was also funding the referendum for the third consecutive presidential term of Alvaro Uribe as well as for the candidate in Panama  [11]  . This company worked across some Latin American countries (Panama, Venezuela and Ecuador) where not only politicians but also thousands of citizens invested their savings expecting high profits, in some parts of the countries people relied and depended on this profit as a regular income. Murcia accepted the charges and was extradited to the US. Para-politics  [12]   Para-politics is the term used to refer to the political scandals since 2006 that show connections between more than 200 politicians and government officials with the paramilitary group Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) which has direct implications with drug dealing and has used intimidation, extortion, slaughter, genocide, displacement and kidnapping towards public citizens to help politicians and public officers to reach positions in the government and then manipulate decisions and funds. Recordings, videos and intercepted calls are some of the proofs that involve government bodies and important national entities. Carousel contraction (Conflict of interest, Clientelism, Cronyism, Abuse of power, State Capture) This is the name given to one of the biggest scandals of political corruption that left obvious scars in the city, indignation and huge economic lost. Carousel contraction involves a group of recognized business men Los Nule  [13]  who won the grant for the biggest project in building an important highway in the country and several other contracts for the transportation system in the city of Bogota using retainers as bribes. Other people involved and found guilty are The ex-mayor of Bogota, (Samuel Moreno  [14]  ) who was suspended from office and is under police custody, some of Morenos relatives as his brother (Ivan Moreno) and several friends, government bodies, public officers and more than 30 companies who were sub-contracted to carry out they project. Health system embezzlement  [15]   A scandal in the Colombian health system involved five health insurance companies acronym for (EPS) associated with millionaire embezzlement. These EPS were audited and intervened with a police raid due to the irregularities in the provision of medications and misuse of funds. This has resulted in huge number of cases of double billing, seeking reimbursement for medications EPS are supposed to provide to patients. Public officers, EPS board members and the minister of social protection are some of the people involved in the scandal. These are just some of the examples that can provide a wide picture of what Grand corruption/ State Capture look like in Colombia; in the following section a comparative perspective is presented to illustrate corruption across developing countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa. This section refers to corruption in developing countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa in a comparative perspective with the case of Colombia. LATIN AMERICA Corruption in Latin America specifically in the case of Ecuador is a structural problem that goes beyond political parties or businessman funding campaigns; it has become an issue deep-rooted to cultural features. Low levels of education, weak Social Capital, and low levels of participation in elections are characteristics shared with Colombia. The most common forms of corruption in Ecuador are bribes, nepotism and cronyism used to speed up processes or get contracts. As an example, In June 2009 the media reported that companies associated with businessman Fabricio Correa (the presidents brother), had signed large public-sector contracts during the Correa administration. Another example is the contraction of unqualified unnecessary or inexistent public employees in the national congress known as Piponazgo  [16]  . According to CPI 2012 edition by (TI) the most corrupt country in Latin America is Venezuela; some causes of corruption are the lack of effective strategies to fight corruption and poor freedom of the press. In Venezuela more than 30 radio stations, TV channel and newspapers have been harassed and threaten by the government which creates opportunities for corruption. This situation is slightly different in Colombia where although its one of the most insecure countries for journalists; the aggressions are not provoked by the government but related to the armed conflict: (guerrilla, drug traffickers and paramilitary). Additionally, Venezuela shares two characteristics of corruption with African countries: mismanagement of oil resources, authoritarian government seeking influence through oil diplomacy and control of oil funds by the Government which has caused several scandals  [17]  . Another country that has suffered from similar types of corruption is Mexico, (kickbacks and bribery  [18]  from wealthy businessman, kidnappings of civilians and drug trafficking by the Cartels of Mexico  [19]  ). However, the comparative study carried out by (De la Torre L., 2000) showed that although the Police system in Colombia is not necessarily uncorrupted is one of the most efficient in Latin America. Colombia has implemented long term strategies, there is a better recruitment process, salaries, training and drug- related corruption remains confined to individual or smaller groups of policeman  [20]  . Figure 4: data taken from Transparency International web site CPI results 2012  [21]   ASIA In 2012 India ranked 94th out of 176 countries in TI with a CPI of 3.6 tied with Colombia and Greece. Apart from sharing the ranking position in the CPI score, India and Colombia share bribery, kickbacks and nepotism as some forms of corruption although at different levels of impact in the society. Transparency International India developed a Corruption Study in 2005  [22]  showing that the problem of corruption in India lies at the public service level (health care system, electricity, water supply and black money) affecting citizens daily needs. As a result, corruption in India is due to the Excessive regulations, poor implementation/ monitoring of laws, lack of punishment and highly strong cultural patterns create opportunity for corruption. (Vito Tanzi: 1998). While the perception, cases of corruption and impact in the population regarding public services (water supply, electricity and taxes black money  [23]  are higher in India, in Colombia Organized Crime and drug trafficking plays the main role dominating almost 50% of the country. Another Asian country which has been prone to suffer from widespread corruption and poor CPI score is Bangladesh; the most common forms of corruption are bribes, abuse of authority, nepotism, favouritism, fraud and patronage. Likewise Colombia many cases of corruption are intertwined with their consequences at the national or local level. In Bangladesh payoff include luxury gifts, overseas travel hotels, restaurant bills and personal liabilities while in Colombia payoff are mostly in the form of money or jobs. However in terms of political corruption both countries share the same characteristic Using position while in power to grant undue favour and benefit to ones relatives, friends and key supporters is a hallmark of politics. (Khan, 1997). Nonetheless, in terms of administrative corruption, in Bangladesh civil officers involved in corrupt practices in most cases do not lose their jobs. Very rarely they are dismissed from service on charges pertaining to corruption. Still more rarely they are sent to prison for misusing public funds (Khan, 1997), this is considerably different in Colombia where if found guilty most likely, they will go to prison although the sentence may not be significant; Corruption is all-pervasive in Bangladesh, is a part of the politico-administrative heritage, not only citizens have accepted it as a part of their daily life but also they feel themselves powerless to address the phenomenon at any level (Lewis, 1996). AFRICA Corruption in the developing world has been harmful for economic growth specially for transition or emerging economies and poor countries in Africa; where the influence of decolonization, type of economy (based on natural resources as a source of rent), low levels of education and types of governments (regimes or dictatorships) are directly related to levels of corruption. Africa is a continent where Kleptocracy dominates and leads to grand Corruption; an example of this is the rule of Mobutu in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1965-1997). Characterized by the misuse of foreign aid and rent from natural resources leading to worse governance, embezzlement and illegal enrichment. In the case of Nigeria, 2007 elections candidates were more likely to buy votes because is more reliable and less difficult.  [24]  In Nigeria, the misadministration of oil and natural gas resources from Kleptocratic governments, nepotism and graft are the most common forms of corruption. Another case worth looking at is Kenya which demonstrates how corruption can turn a stable country into political crisis. Corruption comes in the form of a little something to speed up processes or to ignore infractions; and Tribalism loyalty first to families then clan and then tribes. Kenya likewise Colombia has suffered from scandals within the government Goldenberg case  [25]  where the Kenyan government of Daniel Arap was found to have subsidised exports of gold beyond standard arrangements by paying the company Goldenberg International 35% more. Despite the fact that Colombia is an older democracy and the GDP less affected by corruption in Latin America than in African countries  [26]  ; clientelism, graft, bribery misuse of funds at the national level and embezzlement are shared forms of corruption; however, corruption in Colombia is highly generated by drugs traffic while in Africa is due to misuse of natural resources and abuse of power. CONCLUSION This paper has given an account of the most prominent forms of corruption in the developing world with deep focus on Colombia in a comparative perspective with other Latin American, Asian and African countries. In this paper, becomes evident and implicit that regardless the geographical position of a country, the developing countries studied in this essay share mostly the same types of corruption. Instead some variations in terms of forms and levels of perception of corruption may appear depending on type of government, levels of education, poverty and whether it is an emerging or established democracy. At the same time history plays an important role in places of Africa and Colombia where in order to understand the reasons and causes behind levels of corruption it is not only important to recognize the political, social, economic and cultural conditions of these countries but also to understand the impact of these situation on the levels of corruption, this will enhance comprehension of the strategies implemented or reasons for not implementing as well as for punishing or not corruption. From this essay can conclude that; Even though forms and types of corruption are shared across countries the political, social, economic and cultural patterns should be considered individually to fight corruption where political will and anticorruption programs work in reality effectively. In Latin American countries like Colombia where the drug war fosters corruption and increases private gain (money) at public expense (violence) while in Africa and Asia corruption affects foreign direct investment.

Essay --

Jack Zalewski Period: 2 1/1/14 John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt, names that speak volumes, and during the end of the 19th century they were the quote on quote â€Å"kings of the United States.† With the Civil War over and the United States in a rebuilding process, corporations for steel, oil, and railroads grew rapidly in this time. Big businesses had economic and political effects on the United States, which caused responses by the Americans. The businesses were thriving and driving the economy forward, into a state of balance. These companies also controlled a big portion of the election outcomes and political ideas. The United States citizens did not always want these companies but the United States needed them to keep the economy. The economy slowly but surely began to return to a state of balance. The prices of food, lighting, fuel, and housing were lowing as a result of big business. Thomas Edison's creation of the light bulb made lighting homes easier and safer. Farmers were smarter with crop production, and grew what they needed to the grow so they would drop to a lower price but not low enough that it would cause an overproduction.(Doc. A) The North began to increase their use of industry by creating huge factories and increasing the use of railroads. The South had to find a new way to live without the use of slavery. Many southern planters turned to sharecropping as their agricultural base. Sharecroppers were tenant farmers especially in the United States. The would be provided with credit for things such as seed, tools, living quarters, and food. There was a â€Å"second† Industrial Revolution with the increase of factories in the North and even some in the south, and there was a sh... ...successful railroad riots. During the speech a bomb it throw into the crowd killing a policeman, police then raid labor and radical offices. Unions like the American Federation of Labor rose up as a powerful union against the big businesses. The Civil War is in the past and the United States needed to rebuild. The names of great businessmen like John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt. Big businesses had economic and political effects on the United States, which caused responses by the Americans. The United States citizens did not always want these companies but the United States needed them to keep the economy. Businesses were thriving and helping the economy improve, into a state of balance. Big business dominated the United States, but Americans were not having it, like LeBron James blocking Tiago Splitter in the NBA Finals.

As Level Physical Education Acquiring Movement Skills

AS Level Physical Education Acquiring Movement Skills Scheme of work – MCW |Lesson Title |Learning objectives |Homework | |Skill and Ability |Know the term ‘skill’; |Identify three gross motor abilities required for badminton. Justify your answers. | | |Understand different skills and explain how they influence sporting performance. Identify three perceptual (psychomotor) abilities required for volleyball. Justify your | | |Be able to explain the interaction between ‘skill’ and ‘ability’. |answers. | | | |Outline the difference between skill and ability and explain the relationship that exists | | | |between them. |Classification of motor skills |Know why skills are classified using continua. |Skill analysis on main skills from your number 1 sport. At least 10 skills. | | |Understand the different classifications of skills. |Place on each continuum. | | |Be able to identify specific sporting examples and justify your decisions for placin g them on| | | |a specific continuum. | |Classification of practice |Know the factors that need to be considered before a skill is taught. |Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the whole and part methods of practice | | |Understand the different practice and teaching methods used to facilitate learning and |when developing a sports skill. (10 marks) | | |performance. | | |Be able to critically evaluate these methods and their effectiveness in the learning of | | | |skills. | | |Stages of learning |Know the terms ‘learning’ and ‘performance’. According to Fitts and Posner, performers pass through three stages of learning when | | |Understand the characteristics of the cognitive, associative and autonomous stages of |developing movement skills. | | |learning. |Use a practical example to explain the characteristics of each stage of learning | | |Be able to apply these phases of learning to practical activities. (cognitive, associative, and auto nomous). (3) | | | |Describe the type of feedback used at the cognitive, associative and autonomous stages of | | | |learning. (3) | |Types of guidance |Know the types of guidance used in the learning of skills. Using the example of a novice swimmer, explain how a teacher could use the four methods of| | |Understand which type of guidance is most suited to improve performance at each stage of |guidance to develop the pupil’s swimming skills. (4 marks) | | |learning. |What are the advantages and disadvantages of using manual and mechanical guidance for | | |Be able to critically evaluate these different types of guidance. teaching swimming to beginners? (6 marks) | |Types of practice and mental rehearsal |Know the factors that need to be considered before a skill is taught. |Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of distributed, massed, fixed and varied practice| | |Understand the appropriate use of practice methods to maximise effectiveness, including the |methods on the p erformance of movement skills. 10 marks) | | |role of mental rehearsal. | | | |Be able to critically evaluate different types of practice methods and their application to | | | |the performance of movement skills. | |Exam analysis |Know the areas of the exam which are areas of strength and those that are in need of |Re-write ‘model answers’ to exam paper. | | |improvement. | | |Understand how answers are marked in order to maximise your chances of scoring all available | | | |marks. | | |Be able to write model answers using the mark scheme as a guide. | | |Information processing |Know the key components of information processing. |Draw out your own copies of each of the models that we identified. | | |Understand and draw Welford’s and Whiting’s models of information processing. Choose one of the two models that we have identified (Whiting’s or Welford’s). | | |Be able to apply these models to the learning and performance of physical activi ties |Use a skill or a number of skills in your chosen activities to explain and illustrate how | | | |each component of the model works in that activity. |Memory |Understand the multi-store model of the memory process. |Revision | | |Understand the strategies that can be used to improve both short-term memory storage and | | | |long-term memory storage. | | |Be able to apply the memory process to the learning and performance of physical activities. | | |Reaction time |Know what is meant by reaction time, movement time and response time. |Identify and explain four factors that affect response time in practical activities(4 | | |Describe the impact of reaction time on performance. marks) | | |Understand factors that affect response time in practical activities |By using a practical example in sport, explain what is meant by simple reaction time in | | |Be able to apply the theories relating to reaction time to the performance of physical |sport. (2 marks) | | |activities. Choice r eaction (Hick’s law) can be explained through the use of a graph. Sketch a graph | | | |to illustrate the effect of choice reaction time on physical performance. (4 marks) | |Exam analysis |Know the areas of the exam which are areas of strength and those that are in need of |Re-write ‘model answers’ to exam paper. | |improvement. | | | |Understand how answers are marked in order to maximise your chances of scoring all available | | | |marks. | | |Be able to write model answers using the mark scheme as a guide. | | |Psychological refractory Period |To consolidate knowledge of reaction time in information processing. |5-10 minute revision presentation | | |Understand the role of anticipation in reaction time. Delivered on the topic you are assigned | | |Be able to apply the ‘psychological refractory period’ to practical activities. |Use the specification to guide you | | | |Need to provide a handout | | | |All presentations will be saved to share d area for whole group benefit |Feedback |Know the different types of feedback available to a performer. |With reference to the learning and performance of movement skills, critically evaluate the| | |Understand the links between use of feedback and the stages of learning. |use of feedback that a coach could use for a performer in the cognitive stage of learning. | |Be able to critically evaluate the different types of feedback to detect and correct errors. |(10 marks) | |Motor programmes |Know the nature of motor and executive programmes. |Plenary wheel activity | | |Understand the types of the motor programmes stored in the LTM. | | |Be able to explain the links to open loop control and the autonomous phase of learning. | | |Schema theory |Know the links between schema and motor programmes. |Page 10 – 2008 exam paper | | |Understand the sources of information used in schema theory. (Revision) | | |Be able to discuss the links between development of schema and organisat ion of practice. | | |Exam analysis |Know the areas of the exam which are areas of strength and those that are in need of |Re-write ‘model answers’ to exam paper. | | |improvement. | | |Understand how answers are marked in order to maximise your chances of scoring all available | | | |marks. | | | |Be able to write model answers using the mark scheme as a guide. | |Arousal |Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of arousal as a drive affecting levels of motivation. |No homework – Bring in folders next lesson. | | |Understand the major motivation and arousal theories: Drive Theory, Inverted U Theory and | | | |Catastrophe Theory. | | |Be able to represent each of the theories graphically | | |Motivation |Know about drive reduction theory and its impact on a lifelong, balanced active and healthy |What is meant by the dominant response?Why might the dominant response be of a good | | |lifestyle. |quality at the autonomous phase of learning? (4 marks) | | |Unde rstand motivational strategies and their application to learning and performance of |What is meant by arousal? Why might high levels of arousal be detrimental to the learning | | |physical activities. and performance of someone in the cognitive stages of learning? (4 marks) | | |Be able to critically evaluate motivation and arousal theories and the application of |Drive reduction is one method that can be used to motivate a performer in physical | | |motivational strategies. |education & sport. Use a practical example to explain Drive Reduction Theory. 4 marks) | |Theories of learning |The associationalist/connectionist theory of operant conditioning (Skinner); |Poster activity | | |The cognitive theory related to the work of Gestaltists; | | |Observational learning theory |Know the predication made by Social/observational learning theory; |Operant conditioning is one way of learning movement skills. Use a practical example to | | |Understand the importance of significant others i n the adoption of a balanced, active and |explain Operant Conditioning. (4 marks) | | |healthy lifestyle; |Social psychologists believe skills are best learned through observation.Explain how this| | |Be able to explain Bandura’s model and the factors that affect modelling. |happens and the impact that significant other can have on young people adopting an active,| | | |healthy lifestyle. (4marks) | | | |Identify and explain the four factors that Bandura identified as potential limiting | | | |factors in a learner’s use of modelling. 4 marks) | |Reinforcement of learning |Know the differences between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment. |Use practical examples to explain what is meant by the terms ‘S-R bond’; positive | | |Understand Thorndike’s Laws. |reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment. (4 marks) | | |Be able to discuss the appropriate use of reinforcement in skill learning and promoting |Thorndike sug gested three methods (Thorndike’s Laws) to strengthen the S-R bond. Use a | | |positive, healthy lifestyle behaviour. |practical example to explain each of these methods. 3 marks) | | | |Use practical examples to show how appropriate use of reinforcement in skill learning and | | | |promoting positive, healthy lifestyle behaviour. (4 marks) | |Exam analysis |Know the areas of the exam which are areas of strength and those that are in need of |Re-write ‘model answers’ to exam paper. | | |improvement. | | | |Understand how answers are marked in order to maximise your chances of scoring all available | | | |marks. | | |Be able to write model answers using the mark scheme as a guide. | | |Transfer of learning |Know the types of transfer that occur in practical performance. |Explain each of the five types of transfer and give examples to support your answer (5 | | |Understand ways of optimising the effect of positive transfer. |marks). | | |Understand ways of limit ing the effect of negative transfer. |How can a teacher or coach ensure that positive transfer takes place? (5 marks) | |Impacts of transfer on learning Understand the effects of transfer of learning on schema development and the importance of |Explain the links between varied practice, transfer of learning and Schema development (6 | | |variable practice. |marks) | | |Be able to critically evaluate the different types of transfer and their impact on the |Evaluate critically the different types of transfer and their impact on the development of| | |development of movement skills. |movement skills. (10 marks) |

Fort Valley State University Admissions Requirements

Fort Valley State University Admissions Requirements Fort Valley State University Admissions Overview: Fort Valley State seems to be selective, admitting around a quarter of those who apply each year. Still, those with good grades and test scores above average have a good chance of being admitted to the school. To apply, interested students should submit an application, scores from either the SAT or ACT (both are accepted equally), and high school transcripts. If you have any questions about applying, be sure to contact the admissions office, and check out the schools website for updated admissions requirements.   Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Fort Valley State University Acceptance Rate: 26%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 380 / 470SAT Math: 390 / 470SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 10  / 19ACT English: 15 / 19ACT Math: 7  / 20ACT Writing: -  / -What these ACT numbers mean Fort Valley State University Description: Fort Valley State University is a four-year, public, historically black college located in Fort Valley, Georgia. The campus 1,365 acres is the second largest in the state for a public university. FVSU supports over 3,500 students with a student/faculty ratio of 20 to 1. FVSU offers over 50 majors between its colleges of Arts and Sciences, Agriculture and Family Sciences, Graduate Studies and Extended Education, and Education. Students at Fort Valley State stay busy outside of the classroom through participation in over 70 student clubs and organizations, including a Creative Writing Club, Criminal Justice Club, the Royal Elite Modeling Troupe, and many fraternities and sororities.  For intercollegiate athletics, the FVSU Wildcats competes in the NCAA Division II Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) with sports that include men’s and women’s basketball, tennis, track and field,  and cross country. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 2,679  (2,252 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 42% Male / 58% Female89% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $5,594  Books: $1,500  (why so much?)Room and Board: $7,950Other Expenses: $5,000Total Cost: $20,044 Fort Valley State University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 98%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 91%Loans: 91%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,929Loans: $6,714 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, PsychologyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 75%Transfer Out Rate: 23%4-Year Graduation Rate: 8%6-Year Graduation Rate: 25% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Track and Field, Cross Country, Tennis, BasketballWomens Sports:  Tennis, Volleyball, Basketball, Cross Country, Softball, Track and Field Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Fort Valley State, You May Also Like These Schools: Savannah State University: Profile  Columbus State University: Profile  Mercer University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBethune-Cookman University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlbany State University: Profile  Clark Atlanta University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphValdosta State University: Profile  University of Georgia: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Robin Williams - Genie in a Bottle Essays - Fictional Detectives

Robin Williams - Genie in a Bottle Essays - Fictional Detectives Robin Williams - Genie in a Bottle Mr. McKean DE English 101 8/13/14 Genie in a Bottle Youre only given a little spark of madness, you musnt lose it, was a quote that I learned to be more helpful than any other throughout high school. On August 11, 2014, my idol Robin Williams gave his life away to a depression disorder at the age of 63. No words can describe the tragedy of losing this legendary actor of generations. This beautiful man that has been in the hearts of everyone from Disney-raised children, to their grandparents and on, putting laughs and tears of joy in the homes of every family across the globe. Mr. Williams is the soul of this paper which Ive written as both a personal rendition of his memory, and a jollity tribute to his influential life. I believe the world needs to reconnect to the dramatic influence that Robin Williams has had on the general population thereof. Regardless of being the son of Robert Fitzgerald Williams and Laura McLaurim; the senior executive at Ford for a father, and an ambitious model for a mother, Robin was often tormented in school by bullies for being overweight. To overcome his obesity problems, he joined the wrestling and track team, and began to use his humorous personality to make other children laugh as a way to gain their respect. Williams was raised as an only child and had much time alone with which to develop his imagination, often by memorizing Jonathan Winters' comedy records (Robin Williams on AllMovie). Despite his humiliation as a child, he grew from it and journeyed onto a very promising path. Robin briefly studied political science and played soccer at Claremont Men's College. He began taking improvisational classes and found his lessons to be a grand success. After departing Claremont; he enrolled at Marin College for acting, from which he was granted a full scholarship to Julliard School in New York, w here he studied speech and drama from 1973-1976. His classical Julliard dramatic training coupled with his unequaled talents for improvisation led to award-winning roles as outrageous comic characters in "Mrs. Doubtfire" (1993) (Robin Williams). At first, Robin set out to become a standup comedian in the 1970s within the San Francisco and Los Angeles area, where he became very popular. One day a writer of Happy Days, a hit TV show in the 70s, five year old son mentioned that there should be an alien in the show. The producers went with it. After many back outs, someone mentioned noticing robin role-play as an alien at a showcase and he was immediately offered the part after the man in the interview asked Robin to sit, and instead he did a handstand on his chair. "Nanu, nanu" and "shazbot" became part of the cultural landscape just like the rainbow suspenders his character always wore. (Robin Williams Merged into the Memorable Characters He Created). The episodes were a hit and it spun off a series called Mork and Mindy. Robin played the main role of an alien (Mork) who came to earth to study human behavior. This show averaged 55 million to 65 million viewers per week on ABC and lasted 4 seasons. A consistent audience favorit e since he burst onto the small screen as a red-suited alien from planet Ork in 1978, the irrepressible and irreverent Robin Williams fittingly enjoyed one of Hollywood's most unique and long-lasting careers (Robin Williams). In 1982, Robin, like many Hollywood stars, became involved in the world of drug abuse. Beginning his battle with alcohol, and specifically cocaine addiction, this marked the downfall of his personal life. Robins addiction played a destructive factor in his marriage with Valerie Velardi. On the big screen, this man was the idol of many children and adults alike, joining in the laughs and excitements of his many roles, but off stage, he had his own demons waiting to bring him his demise. Robin said, "For me, its therapy. It's another world for me. Because I was trained as an actor and I started doing comedy because I couldn't find any work in plays," (Robin Williams Merged). Robin faced a physical weight problem in his childhood, and now he faced the weight of stardom.

Style, Graphics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Style, Graphics - Essay Example Clarity is thus important because it would help in bringing once audience to a uniform understanding; this is especially if there are those with a brief glimpse of what one is talking about. Clarity will enable both the ignorant and the enlightened individuals about the topic to be at par with each other. Achieving clarity in one’s communication is as easy as providing illustrations. It is also important to use definite descriptive words other than the vague words. It is also important to use understandable words that one’s audience can understand. Other than using jargons, it is important to use plain words that can be understood by everybody not unless one’s audience is people of the same understanding and backgrounds. For instance, Nicole is hired to be communication experts for a company, it is important for her to understand the diversity of the targeted customers and the language to use when communicating to them. This is the best way that she can make the people or the targeted customers identify with the company. In developing the proposal, she must elevate her language to express the sentiments of the organization to the professional understanding of the people who will review the proposal and even those to whom the proposal is intended. The communicator should also seek to simplify some words for easy understanding and consciousness. When writing, it is also important to shorten sentences, as longer sentences may be difficult to read and understand. In lengthy sentences, one is also bound to make mistakes. Longer sentences often give different meanings most of the time (Sellnow, 56). The reader may therefore derive different meaning from what was originally intended. It is also important to avoid the use of many propositions. Propositions can potentially make a sentence to be redundant with barely any meaningful communication. After writing the work, it is important to proof read once work to avoid any mistake that may arise.

Overview of Second Century Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Overview of Second Century Christianity - Essay Example One of great import was the communicatio idiomatum. What were the scriptures and how were they to be interpreted and understood was such a vital question. Many solutions were being out forward and the church fathers of this period had had to propose and refute. The senses of scripture emerged and became part of interpretive strategy but not without their own specific problems. The influence of the Greek and platonic times were still evident in society and was making their impact felt even in the Christian faith. Gnosticism would emerge and be dealt with but never with complete success. The church continued to grow and with the passing of time the various councils began to play a critical role in the defense of authentic faith, and the role of liturgies would become invaluable. Christianity, which started as a first century Jewish cult spread rapidly over the Greco-Roman world. Its early period can be divided into two definite phases. First is the apostolic period. The Post Apostolic period stretched from the late first century until the Council of Nicaea in 325. The area of our focus namely the 2nd century fits into the Post Apostolic period. This was also known as the Ante Nicene period. ... Pauline Christianity and Gnostic Christianity flourished. This century presented challenges to the church fathers in terms of persecution, doctrinal conflicts other than the very challenge of authoritatively and resolutely continuing the great commission in the absence of the apostles. What was the need for communicatio idiomatum? One of the functions of Bishops during this period was to refute heresies. These heresies were largely Christological. They had a problem understanding the mystery of Christ being divine as well as human. For instance Docetism believed that Jesus’s humanity was an illusion, which was refuted by Ignatius of Antioch in AD 110. â€Å"Many groups were dualistic, maintaining that reality was composed into two radically opposing parts: matter, usually seen as evil, and spirit, seen as good. Orthodox Christianity, on the other hand, held that both the material and spiritual worlds were created by God and were therefore both good, and that this was represen ted in the unified divine and human natures of Christ.†1 These arose due to the mystery of Christ. Theologians assign the name mystery to revealed truths that are beyond the power of natural understanding. The earliest of Christians grappled with the mystery of the nature of Christ and the Gnostics of the 2nd century had a real issue with this. The fact that one person can have two natures is problematic. Terminology is a culprit. There is terminology for being divine and there is terminology for being human but no terminology for being both at the same time. Theological language of that day was insufficient for this purpose. The easiest of explanations is to say that he sometimes acted as a human and