Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Dickens Great Expectations Essay - 1589 Words

Dickens Great Expectations In the novel Great Expectations, Charles Dickens writes in first person narrative text, he does this so that the reader only gets the story for the eyes of at the beginning young Pip. This is a very clever way of writing and it lets the reader read the story through the eyes of a young boy and later on in the novel a man. This allows Dickens to exaggerate a lot at the beginning because the story is told by a young boy who will see every thing exaggerated, this is good when dickens is trying to set the mood at that precise moment and he uses this power through out the novel where he makes parts more frightening for the reader either though it would be frightening for†¦show more content†¦This is only scary in Pips childish imagination. Charles Dickens is very good at describing the setting and does well at describing all the depressing and scary places at the beginning of the play. He uses very descriptive writing to create a gloomy atmosphere. In the first chapter Dickens does well to set up the initial establishing of the scene, the grave yard, he first sets the scene by telling the reader some basic information, Ours was the marsh country, down by the river This tells us where is and some basic information but from that first quote it seams a barren and empty place which makes it feel inhospitable and forgiving. a memorable raw afternoon towards evening, Here Charles Dickens writes vividly from experience being from that area and knowing how it feels, the word raw makes it feel very cold but chilling as well which adds to the fear which would already be there because of the graveyard. This whole first establishing of the scene makes the area seam very unattractive and bland. distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..that small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it These quotes make the landscape seam very bland because of the largeShow MoreRelatedDickens Great Expectations1378 Words   |  6 PagesDickens Great Expectations In this essay, I will compare the presentation of Pip as a young boy with that of Pip as an adult in Great Expectations. This novel is about a young orphan boy Pip who is given great expectations, when an unknown benefactor gives him money to become a gentleman. In the process he travels to London, deserting the people who care for him. This is a typical Victorian novel in that it has sentimental deathbed scenes such as Magwhichs whichRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens1285 Words   |  6 PagesAP Great Book Assignment: Great Expectations The 544-page, Bildungsroman novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is considered a classic because it has stood the test of time, appealing to generation after generation of readers while still remaining relevant to them. Published in 1861, Dickens created a coming-of-age story that is similar to his other novel, David Copperfield, but Great Expectations is considered to have reflected parts of his own life. There are several parallels betweenRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1574 Words   |  7 Pagesclass life. This boy was Charles Dickens, one of the most well known writers of all time. Throughout his life, he experienced both the middle and working class, therefore, most of his pieces of literature include characters from both of those social classes and how they view Victorian England society. His haunting childhood experience also allowed him to incorporate the themes of alienation and betrayal in Great Expectations (Cody). Throughout Great Expectations, Dick ens explores the specific socialRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardships provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went throughRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens943 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Expectations written by Charles Dickens consist of many dynamic characters and literary elements that help develop the novel. Dickens introduces the life of the main character, Phillip Pirrip better known as Pip, as he works his way up in society. Along the way, Pip encounters many minor characters such as Biddy to help realize his full potential. Through the use of several literary devices, for example, characterization, conflict, and imagery, we take a young naà ¯ve boy and develop him intoRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens884 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens, is known and loved by a wide range of people all over the world. This classic story tells of a young boy named Pip on his quest to become a gentleman in Victorian England. The very first event in Great Expectations is Pip s encounter with Magwitch, an escaped convict that gives Pip a fortune for saving his life. After meeting Magwitch, Pip goes to the home of Miss Havisham, the eccentric woman appointed to teach him the ways of upper class society. While at

Monday, December 23, 2019

Changes in Farming Post Civil War Essay - 1381 Words

Changes in Farming: Contributing factors in farming changes post Civil War After the Civil War there were many factors that contributed the changes that occurred in farming in America. Among them was the drive for the South to renew and regain what had been lost due to the war. Leaders saw it as a time to diversify and turn towards industrialization. The Industrial revolution was underway and with it brought many new inventions that would lead to growth in the farming industry. The wide open space between the East and the West called â€Å"The Frontier† was open for homesteading. New immigrants with their farming knowledge and ability were flooding the East and West gates of the U.S. This was a time in American history when Americans†¦show more content†¦After the slaves were freed in 1863, the South had to make changes to supply labor for the farming. Many shady practices by the white man occurred because of this. Sharecropping and crop liens were developed to keep the black man somewhat under their control. Since freed slaves had no money and no place to live, land holders would allow a tenant to live on their property and worked the land in exchange for a share of the crop produced, also known as sharecropping. The crop lien system was a developed to allow farmers to receive goods such as food, supplies, and seeds to be paid for after the crop was produced. This kept the black man and poor white farmers in a constant form of debt. Cotton still played a big part in the growth of farming in the south. There was a high demand for textiles and cotton mills increased production of cotton bales up to 1,479,000 bales per year. While these changes were occurring in the South, many changes in farming were also taking place in other parts of the nation. The government wanted to encourage settlement in the vast areas of the country not yet populated. The Homestead Act helped shape the western landscape. This act allowed farmers to claim up to 160 acres of land. Farmers would stake a claim to a parcel of land and by living on it for five years would be free and clear to take title of the land. Or the farmer could buyShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Poverty During The Civil War1654 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica Poverty is a hardship that has existed in every milestone of American history. War impacted the economy of the country after the Civil War. The twentieth century would see wars, natural disasters, and economical depressions that contributed to the developing culture of poverty. Poverty in any time period is a shattering experience. While being poor during the Reconstruction, the Great Depression, and the Civil Rights movement were each devastating, the nature of poverty would evolve as the cultureRead MoreThes Benevolent Association, The Knights Of Labor And The Farmers Union1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe Screwmen’s Benevolent Association, The Knights of Labor and the Farmers Alliance are a few of the leading labor organizations in Texas. Developed as the political and human resource representation for many of Texas’ post civil war laborers, these organizations invested considerable time and funding in advocating for the concerns of the working class. Established soc ialist communities were natural supporters for unionization based on their beliefs in cooperation for the greater good. WithinRead MoreEssay about The Revolutionary Aftermath of the Civil War605 Words   |  3 PagesThe Revolutionary Aftermath of the Civil War Despite many hardships that remained from the antebellum state of the union, reconstruction was a socially and constitutionally revolutionary period. The attempts to deter black voters were greatly outweighed by the numbers of blacks voting, as well as the laws that were passed to protect the rights of American citizens, black and white alike. The years after the war saw a rise in the number of human rights laws that were passed, most ofRead MoreEssay on American Civil War1152 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe the changes that took place on the Great Plains before and after the Civil War. Do this by filling in the chart provided by using the text and the internet. Make sure that all answers are complete. The first section has been done for you. Category: People Pre-Civil War: Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapahoe, Nez Perce Post-Civil War: Farmers, Ranchers Category: Building Materials Pre-Civil War: Buffalo Remains Post-Civil War: Bricks of sod Category: Food Supply Pre-Civil War: Buffalo Read MoreOrigin Of And Role Played By Manifest Destiny1323 Words   |  6 Pagesmanifest destiny viewed it as the historical inevitability of United States’ dominance of North America from coast to coast. Manifest Destiny influenced the manner in which Americans moved and displaced Indians. America continued to witness tremendous changes in 1850s, as well as the dawn of the nineteenth century. In 1962, Abraham Lincoln, the president of the day, assented into effect the Homestead Act, which paved the way for any man to apply to settle on the 160 acres land west of the Mississippi (Thoreau)Read MoreA Streetcar Named Desire934 Words   |  4 Pages The attitudes of many white southerners didn’t change regarding African-Americans. Before the Civil War, many southerners supported things like slavery, segregation, states’ rights, and state secession. After the Civil War, many of them tried to make the Congress to continue believe and remain these concepts. Thus, negatives attitudes toward African-Americans and changing policies still existed in the South after the end of the American Civil War. Another attitude was to try to keep African-AmericansRead MoreBarn Burning : Loyalty Verses Conscience1672 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Barn Burning†: Loyalty verses Conscience William Faulkner’s Barn Burning was published in the post-Civil War South, during the time of a system of agriculture/farming know as sharecropping – â€Å"a tenant farming system in which laborers live as tenants on a landowner’s property while providing labor to pay. Theoretically, this system was to benefit both the landowners and the laborers; nevertheless, sharecroppers usually end up at the end of the year caught in this web of endless cycle of debt. ThisRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The Roaring Twenties1001 Words   |  5 Pages The roaring twenties was a time filled with hope and change. President Warren G. Harding promised a â€Å"return to normalcy†, which reflected his own conservative values and the voters’ wants for stability and order. Americans felt that they had been through more than enough, and desired prosperity. During the years 1919 and 1920 the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments were passed; the outlaw of alcoholic b everages and the right for women to vote, which ones of the many reasons society was turningRead MorePost Civil War: Reconstructive Era and African Americans1070 Words   |  5 Pagesas well as discomfited. Prior to the Civil war, slaves vehemently hoped freedom would give them the right of equal status in American society, but to their surprise, their dream of an egalitarian America was impeded after the assassination of President Lincoln. Their lives became drastically different and difficult in an era that was increasingly contumacious to their well wishes. The end of the Civil War brought social, moral, economic and political changes within the historical context of Florida’sRead More colonization Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagesthe beginning of American colonization we were a mainly farming people. The basis of our society was built upon agriculture, and little else. The rise to corporate capitalism has had such a profound impact on American society, it is impossible t o study any aspect of United States history post Civil War without a direct relation, on any level, to the industrial revolution. America would not be the superpower it is today had we not made the change from an agricultural society to an industrial one long

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten Free Essays

Bilingual Education: Beneficial for Kindergarten to Catch it Young By M. H 7th December 2012 Abstract: Research has shown that bilingual education has positive effect on kindergarten children. The purpose of this research was to study the benefits of bilingual education, which further helped in recommending marketing campaign for the Canadian kindergarten school to increase enrolments. We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several analyses were taken into account like â€Å"Simon Task† and core group task to understand the benefits. Study reveals that bilingual children perform better cognitive, analytical tasks and have better success rate than monolingual children. Keywords: Children, Bilingualism, Kindergarten, Cognitive, Bilingual, Education, Monolingual Page | 1 Introduction This report aims to address positive effects of bilingual education on young children and to provide recommendations to Canadian kindergarten school through marketing campaign to increase kindergarten student enrolment. Different research methodology taken into account in this report, which has been extracted from researches done by PhD students, professors, doctors and scientists to provide evidence on the benefits of learning in two languages. One of the approaches considered in this report was â€Å"Simon Task† conducted by Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada. This provides empirical evidence that bilingual kids outperform cognitive tasks than monolingual flock. Moreover, Bilingual children are more creative, intellectual and have longer attention span. Findings 1. 1 Perform Cognitive Tasks Better Several researches were undertaken in the past 20 years; to prove bilingual children are superior to monolingual kids. In the recent past, Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada evaluated children aged between 4-6 years. During their research, they made two core groups, one group was monolingual who were fluent in their native language . i. e. French or English and another; group was bilingual (with proficiency in both the languages, written and oral). The idea was to test cognitive ability of the core group for which â€Å"Simon Task† method was considered. It is a universal method practised by scientists to understand how human mind functions and performs certain tasks. The aim was to understand how kids respond to different colours and visuals. Hence, kids were asked to separate different shapes as per their colour and size, generated by computer which popped up from different sides of the screen. Results were surprising as bilingual children were more accurate than monolingual group. Study depicts that bilingual brain functions faster and has divergent thinking skills which allows brain to recognize and differentiate different objects at the same time. Therefore, bilingual children tend to be smarter than monolingual peers and perform cognitive tasks better. . 2 More Creative with Analytical Abilities A research conducted by Dr Lauchlan in Scotland and Sardinia, Italy- 121 children under age of 9 were taken in a group with monolingual and bilingual abilities, and were asked to perform different mathematical, creative, linguistic and physical assignments. The emphasis was to evaluate how children respond to different tasks. The bilingual learnerâ⠂¬â„¢s performance and intellectual capabilities were significantly higher i. e. (52%) than monolingual peers (48%) (Refer figure 1. 2) Page | 2 Figure 1. 2 Pie chart adapted from data provided by Dr Strathclyde research. 1. 3 Greater Success Rate There has been sufficient evidence, which reveals that bilingualism is an asset, as it provides higher employment rates over monolingual person. As stated in 2006 Canadian census, knowledge of French and English provide more job opportunities as compared to knowledge of French or English alone. Refer to the following graph (figure 3. 3) Fi gure 3. 3 Page | 3 It is apparent from the graph that bilingual people have higher job prospects. This is an era of globalization, where most of the organizations are multinational. Hence, organizations prefer to hire employees who are proficient in different languages and understand diverse cultures. 1. 4 Brain Development â€Å"Children who learn a second language before the age of five have been shown to have denser grey matter in their brains than their monolingual peers† (Dai, 2012). According to Cumming (2005) research shows brain has two prominent tissues visible to eyes known as white and grey matter. Source: Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757. In 2004 research conducted by Dr Mechelli and his team at University College, London, revealed similar results. During their research they evaluated brains of monolingual and bilingual people who were introduced to second language early in their life. One set of group started learning second language at the age of 2 and another people were introduced to new language at the age of 30. The study reveals, those who initiated learning second language early had better command and proficiency in second language. Furthermore, density of grey matter on the left side of their brain was higher. Grey matter is combination of â€Å"head† nerves functions for coordination and communication) Conclusions: It is apparent that children who start learning in two languages at early age have cognitive and linguistic benefits over children who are mono-linguistic. Also, it prepares children for future to get better employment. Diversity comes naturally to bilingual children as it helps them to gro w, understand different aspects of life and prepares them to adjust in multicultural environment, as they imbibe certain characteristics during the course of time. Due to these characteristics it makes children smarter and more confident as they learn in two languages. Page | 4 Recommendations: ? Canadian kindergarten school should work on integrated marketing methodology to lure and educate parents on the benefits of bilingual education. Publicise print ads in newspaper, magazines and different educational websites focusing on curriculum inculcated by school, to ensure their focus is to flourish analytical and cognitive skills of kids while they learn two languages as bilingual kids tend to become sharper day by day. ? School should conduct ducational fairs near school vicinity to provide information and familiarise parents about bilingual education. Especially for a strong economy like Canada where people are expected to speak two languages. When children are introduced to second languages early in their life they learn quickly, master the art of language and become proficient as they are agile and creative. ? Prospective parents should be in vited for personal webinar and chat sessions on school website. Prime focus should be on how dual language learning can transform kid’s life in a positive manner as it provides exposure to different culture and diversities. Perhaps, helps children later in their life for better employment opportunities. ? E-mailers and Direct mailers should be sent to parents emphasizing the fact that a child’s brain grows faster with bilingual education . Also, it builds analytical, mental, linguistic and creative skills by allowing brain to respond to two different languages. Page | 5 References 1. â€Å"Bilingual children ‘better at problem-solving skills† 2012, Scotland (UK),United Kingdom, Scotland, viewed on 24th Nov 2012, ; http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-19109883; 2. 3. CummingW(2005),† The capacity of the brain in learning multiple languages†, London Sage Dai, A,2012, It’s a Small World After All from, viewed 23 rd Nov 2012 http://www. thethunderproject. org/its-a-small-world-after-all/#more-1053 4. Genesee, F 2004, ‘What do we know about bilingual education for majority language students? ’, in TK Bhatia W Ritchie (eds), Handbook of bilingualism and multiculturalism, Blackwell, Malden, pp. 547576. 5. Hitti ,M,2004,†Being Bilingual Boosts Brain Power† MDHelth news, viewed 25 th Nov 2012 6. Lowry ,L, â€Å"Are Two Languages Better than One†, The Hanen Centre, viewed 24 th Nov 2012, ; http://www. anen. org/Helpful-Info/Our-Views-on-the-News/Are-Two-Languages-Better-Than-One. aspx; 7. â€Å"Language Learning and the Developing Brain† (1996, winter). Learning Languages, 1 (2), 17. 8. MarianV, Faroqi-Shah, Y, Kaushanskaya,M, H. K Sheng,L. 2009, â€Å"Bilingualism: Consequences for Language, C ognition, Development, and the Brain†, Asha Leader, vol. 14, no. 13,pp. 10-13, viewed 20th Nov 2012. 9. Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757 10. â€Å"The advantages of bilingualism in Canada† 2008, Canadian council on learning, viewed on 25 th Nov2012, Page | 6 How to cite Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Art in the Baroque Period Essay Example For Students

Art in the Baroque Period Essay The Baroque was an art movement that used many different forms of art as propaganda for the church. These art forms include paintings, sculptures, architectural structure, and musical arts as well. The propagandistic art work was in favor of the Catholic Church. This movement originated in Italy in the early 1600s with the Council of Trent and influenced all of Europe. The Catholic Church was against Protestants and the art work during the baroque was response to the protestant reformation. The arts during the baroque period in Italy, that the Catholic Churches would strongly encourage, were to give you an idea about communication of religious themes as well as emotional involvement. The dramatic appeal of the exquisite Baroque architecture and paintings were a way for the Catholic Churches to express power, wealth, and victory to the visitors as a way to impress visitors. Catholic-inspired Baroque art tended to be extensive works of public art, such as monumental wall-paintings and vast frescoes for the ceilings and vaults of palaces and churches, in order to accomplish its propagandist role. Baroque paintings illustrated key elements of Catholic belief, either directly in religious works or indirectly in mythological works of art. In Baroque sculptures, the artist’s typically portrayed their works as larger-than-life size. The sculptures all share a similar sense of dynamic movement, as well as with an active use of the background. Designed to create spectacle and illusion, Baroque architecture had flowing curves opposed to the symmetry of the Renaissance. The domes/roofs were enlarged, and interiors cautiously constructed to create stunning effects of light and shade. The Baroque period brought along its set on specific characteristics that sets it apart from any other art movement. The use of strong contrast between light and dark played a big role to enhance the dramatic effects of many paintings and sculptures, even baroque buildings entail movement with contrasts in light and color. This application of light and dark is referred to as Tennebrism. Artists of this point in time were concerned with the inner workings of the mind and attempted to represent the passions of the soul on the faces they painted and sculpted, the figures in paintings are not types but individuals with their own personalities. The term for that is referred to as Realism. The movement and emotional display were also key elements of the Baroque art movement. The main element of Baroque arts is the devotion to the religious deity. The artists of this time were greatly talented with the use of the baroque elements in their works of art. The artist found it easy to work with what the catholic churches preference or guidelines were. Among the famous artists is painter Michelangelo Merisi, or better known as Caravaggio. Caravaggio is best known for his influence of light and dark, exaggerated smokiness, and high detail in his paintings. His most famous paintings include: The Calling of Saint Matthew(oil painting) and Bacchus. Other famous painters of this period are Artemisia Gentileschi and Elisabetta Sirani. Artemisia Gentileschi is the daughter of a friend to the great Caravaggio and eventually becomes a student of his. Her best known works of art are Judith slaying Holoferes and Judith and Her Maidservant. Elisabetta Sirani is also a student of Caravaggio; her best known works of art include Judith with the Head of Holoferes and the Virgin and Child. The talented Bernini, who was also a marvelous architect, produced his sculpture version of the Statue of David. Looking at the other style of art form the Baroque era, Architecture seems to be the most marveled in the time period in Italy. The Structures have more warped columns, sometimes simply ornamental as opposed to supportive with more curves rather than symmetrical lines. Highly decorative details and ornaments along with optical illusions giving the appearance of movement. The Architecture of the baroque had enormous towers and domes and an abundance of windows. A very unique feature about the baroque architecture was the blending of painting with the structure itself. Mary Cassatt The Bath, 1892 Oil on Canvas, 39 x 26" The Art Institute of Chicago EssayAn architect and sculptor worth noting for innovative designing of a phenomenal additional to St. Peters Basilica is Bernini. Bernini designed this structure to have hundreds of columns topped with sculptures constructed together around a plaza. Bernini began constructing his masterpiece in 1657 and was not able to finish until 10 years later. The design he made had the columns was curved tending to the plaza shape, but also engulfing any viewer or visitor with its colossal size. This addition the church was the Baroque was of showing the Catholic Church was the more pristine, more influential, and most of all more dominant. Not only was Bernini a brilliant architect, he was also an accomplished sculptor. His Baldacchino, inside St. Peters basilica, stands at a massive 66 feet tall. It is Baroque canopy sculpted from bronze over the high altar in the church. The canopy towered over the high altar of St. Peter right in the middle of the great church. Bibliography: Baldacchino Berninis Rome .com. Baldacchino Berninis Rome .com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Britannica. Carlo Maderno | Biography Italian Architect. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2015. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Caravaggio. Bio. AE Television Networks, 2015. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. History of Saint Peters Basilica. History.com. AE Television Networks, 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes (detail). Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes (detail). Larry Brash, Jan. 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2015. Morris, Rodderick. Artemisia: Her Passion Was Painting Above All Else.New York Times 18 Nov. 2011: 2. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Pagel, David. Art Review. Los Angeles Times 29 Nov. 2012: n. pag. Los Angeles Times. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. Sayre, Henry M. 21. The Humanities: Culture, Continuity and Change. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.